Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Jan 2023

Breast cancer is known as the most common cancer in women and various aspects of dealing with this disease have been studied by researchers for many years. One of these areas is tumor markers and its effect on determining the prognosis of patients and determining the most appropriate treatment method. Therefore, we decided to conduct a study to evaluate tumor markers of breast cancer in women candidates for mastectomy. The clinical records of 100 patients with breast cancer were evaluated for information such as information about pathological examinations of the sample (markers: ER, PR, HER2, P53, CEA) and recurrence of symptoms during a two-year period. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver17 statistical software, descriptive statistics and logistic regression test. 24% had recurrence among which P53 and CEA markers had the highest frequency and in the absence of recurrence group ER and CEA markers had the highest frequency. According to the results of this study, it seems that paying attention to tumor levels of markers such as P53 and CEA can be helpful in identifying people who will have recurrence and attention to it can greatly determine the fate of the disease.

Because long-term drainage can cause problems such as limited mobility of the affected limb and pain in the patient's armpit, studies that can determine the effect of prolonged drainage on serum incidence may lead to earlier drainage. And the reduction of the resulting complications should be helpful. Therefore, the present study was performed with the aim of the effect of surgical drainage on seroma incidence in breast cancer surgery.  This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed during the years 2018 to 2020 with the participation of 152 patients after breast surgery in the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Diagnosis of seroma after surgery (for one week) was made by a physician and the factors affecting its formation were collected in the data collection form. Data were compared by Chi-square test. The mean age of the study participants was 46 years; Tumor size in most participants was less than two centimeters; The stage of the disease was in the majority of participants I, II and in most of them the breast mass was completely removed. The surgical drain remained in the majority of participants for 5 to 9 days.  The prevalence of seroma in this study was 35%; The results of this study showed that the type of surgical device, the number of days of drain use, as well as the stage of the disease and the type of surgery performed on the breast have no role in the incidence of seroma.

The main indications for tonsillectomy are recurrent infection, pre-tonsillar abscess, and obstructive sleep apnea and suspected malignancy. Incisional biopsy or Excisional biopsy is needed when a tonsillectomy is examined for suspected malignancy. According to the above, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results and pathological findings of tonsillectomy samples in people 16 years and younger. This case control study was performed with the participation of 305 patients under 18 years of age who were candidates for tonsillectomy surgery; Samples obtained after surgery were measured using Brodsky criteria and their results were evaluated and compared with pathology results. Surgical indications for 102 patients with symmetrical tonsils, including 46 cases with chronic tonsillitis (1.45%), hypertrophy of the tonsils with obstruction in 24 cases (23.5%), and recurrent infections of the tonsils with hypertrophic palate in 32 patients (4.31). %) Was. Pathologically studied samples in the control group were reactivemphoid hyperplasia in 56 cases (9.54%), lymphoidhyperplasia with fibrosis in 24 cases (23.5%) and chronic tonsillitis in 22 cases (21.5%). Tonsillectomy with indication of chronic tonsillitis and recurrent tonsillitis in patients who are otherwise normal examination is secondary to benign hyperplasia or anatomical factors. Therefore, the presence of asymmetry without suspicious appearance factors and significant signs and symptoms and progressive enlargement of the tonsils and concomitant adenopathy and a history of malignancy or immunodeficiency do not suggest malignancy and have no diagnostic value.

Statistical study of neck masses and their evaluation and treatment methods have received much attention in journals and reference books. However, due to differences in the range of diseases and diagnostic-therapeutic facilities between different countries, it is necessary to achieve differential diagnoses of neck masses in Iran through regional studies. This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted during 2018-2019 with the participation of 203 patients referred to the ENT clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Patients with suspected neck masses underwent sampling and imaging after examination and their results were reported. In neoplastic lesions, the most involvement was in the jugulodysgastric lymphatic chain. In non-neoplastic lesions, the most common site of involvement was the anterior-middle part of the neck. In both sexes, the most common site of neck mass was in the jugulodigastric lymphatic chain, with a prevalence of 20% in men and 22% in women, respectively, with the difference that the percentage of neoplastic lesions in the area in both males and females was 36.86%, respectively and 55%. A complete and frequent clinical examination is necessary in adults who are in their fourth decade of life. FNA is the best method after the examination if the cause of the mass is not known. After eliminating the inflammatory causes, SCC is the most common pathology in men and tuberculosis in women, which is often seen in the jugulodigastric lymph chain and posterior triangle of the neck, respectively.

Due to the high prevalence of osteoporosis in Iran and its relationship with bone fractures and reduced life expectancy in these patients and the knowledge that early diagnosis and timely treatment reduces the financial burden on the treatment system and the burden of disease complications on patients. Density of one-third distal radius was performed in patients prone to primary osteoporosis.This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed during 2019 with the participation of 71 patients referred to orthopedic clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Clinical examinations and bone density measurements were performed for them and its relationship with distal third radius fractures was investigated. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test. Sensitivity of one-third of the distal radius T-score compared to femoral neck T-score in terms of diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia 82.35 and 51%, respectively, and its specificity 46.51%, and for total lumbar vertebrae in terms of diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia, respectively. 92.31% and 65.62% and its specificity was 30.77%. According to the findings of this study, the study of one distal one-third mineral density of radius bone by DXA method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis has a significant sensitivity and has a significant relationship with the density of lumbar vertebrae (femur).

Levamisole can be used in a large number of domestic animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry, dogs and cats as well as wild animals as a drug completely effective in the neonatal and pubertal stages of most gastrointestinal and respiratory nematodes. Animals such as Homoncus, Strategica trichostrongilus, and Coperia are known. Levamisole also has a significant effect on dictiococcus pneumoniae, and is the only anthelmintic in sheep for use against lungworms. 15 mg per kg orally and 15 days later an injectable dose will kill the worm and its eggs. Vamisol has little effect on small or large estrogens. In dogs, a dose of 15 mg per kg reduces toxocaracinosis, and ascariasis by 91%, and also repels hookworms. In cats, at a dose of 8 mg per kg, it is effective against ascariasis and hookworm. In poultry, it causes a 95% reduction in Scaridia galli, and Hethrax gallinarum and capillary, if consumed in the amount of 36-49 mg per kg. In addition to its extensive antiparasitic properties, levamisole, with its known immunogenic properties, increases the resistance of the animal body, and thus helps in the treatment of certain diseases in humans and animals. Levamisole is effective in boosting the immune system by increasing the number and function of T lymphocytes and macrophages and can stimulate antibody production, increase macrophage xenophagy, inhibit tumor growth, and enhance inhibitory cell activity.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the spiritual status and organizational commitment of elementary school teachers. It was an applied survey study and its statistical population included all elementary school teachers of district 1 in Kerman City which included a total of 1050 subjects. Simple random sampling was used in this study and the sample size was 285 subjects. Two questionnaires were used for data collection: a researcher-made spirituality questionnaire that included 13 questions with a Likert Scale of 5 which was an extraction of Kenda nd Foreman's (2010) questionnaire and Allen and Mayer's organizational commitment questionnaire (1993) which included 18 questions with a Likert Scale of 5. The content validity and reliability of the questionnaires were estimated by Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics including one sample t –test and regression test were used for data analysis. Results of the one sample t-test showed that the teachers had a high level of spirituality and organizational commitment. In addition, results of the regression test showed that spirituality has managed to predict 0.91 of the teachers' organizational commitment.